Work permits across 54 African countries in 2026

by Grant Geraghty | Dec 4, 2025 | HR

Navigating work permits across Africa’s 54+ countries can be as complex as it is necessary for your business. Each nation applies its own immigration rules, eligibility criteria, and application procedures, making the task significantly more difficult.

In this article, our local experts provide a broad overview of the main work authorisation pathways available across the continent.

Requirements vary widely, additional documentation may be needed, and applications are often assessed on a case-by-case basis. Immigration policies are also subject to change, so employers and foreign nationals should always verify the latest rules with the relevant authorities or a qualified immigration specialist before proceeding.

Country	Work permits
Algeria	The Temporary Work Permit (TWP) is an official document issued to non-resident foreigners intending to engage in temporary professional activities in Algeria. This permit is necessary for any foreign individual wishing to work in Algeria for a limited time and who is not considered a permanent resident. The TWP is a prerequisite for applying for a work visa in Algeria. Before applying for a work visa at the Algerian Consulate or Embassy, the applicant must obtain the Temporary Work Permit from the competent Algerian authorities. The TWP serves as proof that the applicant is authorized to carry out temporary professional activities in Algeria. This document is issued by the Employment Directorate of the Wilaya.
Angola	The Angolan work visa grants the holder multiple entries into Angola for the duration of the employment contract. Companies must provide: Business licence (Alvará) Publication in the official gazette (Diário da República) showing the company’s registration Evidence of up-to-date tax or revenue certification (D.A.R.) When any of the required elements are missing or incomplete the application may be refused. The consulate also reserves the right to request additional documentation or require the applicant’s presence. Note: All documentation must be submitted in original + copies, properly translated and legalised by recognised authorities (i.e. translators, public notary, and the Foreign & Commonwealth Office where required). The visa only authorises work for the employer and position specified in the application; changing employer, position or the nature of activity may require a new visa or authorisation. (This is consistent with general guidance on work visas for Angola.)
Benin	A business visa and work permit are required to work in Benin. All work permits in Benin must be obtained before moving to the country, as they must be applied for through the Beninese Embassy in an employee’s home country. If an employee has already gained employment in Benin, their prospective employer will be able to sponsor their application.
Botswana	· An Employment Permit is designed for foreign nationals to take up employment in Botswana. · Employment Permits are issued based on the validity of the contract of employment and are issued for an initial period of up to two (2) years. · The Employment Permit can be extended for a period of up to five (5) years. Employees’ family can accompany them; however, the accompanying dependents will also need to apply for their own visa applications with the Botswanan immigration authorities. · Foreign nationals must have a job offer from a local company, possess skills not readily available in the local workforce, and submit an application with supporting documents like a valid passport, a clean criminal record, and a medical certificate. · There are different types of permits, such as the standard Employment Permit for long-term work, and the Temporary Work Permit for shorter periods. · Applications must be made prior to entering Botswana · Issued for an initial period of up to two (2) years · Processing time: 20-40 business days
Burkina Faso	· Foreign nationals wishing to work in Burkina Faso need both a work permit and a long stay visa, which must be arranged through their prospective employer. · The employer is responsible for applying for the visa and issuing a company letter outlining the purpose of the assignment, along with providing a confirmed travel itinerary from a travel agent. · If the employer does not fulfil this obligation, the employee may cancel the employment contract and seek compensation. A work permit is valid for three years. · Employers must obtain prior authorisation from a public employment service, and non-national workers must hold a valid work permit to be employed in Burkina Faso.
Burundi	The employer or the employee submits the following documents to the Ministry of Labour: · Two recent passport size photos · A letter addressed to the General Inspector of Labour and Social Security · Curriculum Vitae · Copy of certificate of driving license · Employment contract · Most recent paycheck · Doctors need a certificate of practice The person looking for work permit must pay 4% of their annual basic salary to the central bank (BRB) or INTERBANK, to the bank account opened on behalf of Burundi revenue Authority (OBR). Work permit duration · For technical jobs, the work permit is valid for 2 years. · Refugees are granted a work permit for 5 years. The following persons are also eligible for work permit during their stay in Burundi: · Foreigners married to a Burundian · Foreigners born in Burundi but with a different nationality · Foreigners resident in Burundi for more than 20 years.
Cabo Verde	· Non ECOWAS nationals must obtain a work permit to work legally in Cabo Verde, while citizens of ECOWAS member states are exempt, making regional recruitment easier. · Employers need to show that no suitably qualified Cape Verdean is available for the role, which is generally straightforward given the country’s known skills shortages. Cabo Verde offers several types of working visas: · Digital Nomad Visa Ideal for remote workers and freelancers employed by companies outside Cabo Verde. It is valid for six months and can be renewed once for a total of one year. Fees include €20 for the visa and €34 for airport entry. Applicants must show an average monthly bank balance of €1,500 for individuals or €2,700 for families over the previous six months. Foreign income is tax exempt for up to one year and processing takes around two weeks. · Employment or Work Permit For foreign workers with a local job offer. The initial permit lasts one year and can be renewed for two-year periods. Fees range from $150 for temporary permits to $300 for long term permits. Processing takes four to six weeks and requires employer sponsorship plus proof that no qualified Cape Verdean is available. · Highly Skilled Worker Visa For specialised professionals such as engineers, doctors and IT experts. The fee is $400 and processing takes four to six weeks. Applicants may benefit from the IFICI incentive programme for scientific research and innovation. · Intra Company Transfer Visa For employees moving within the same multinational group. The fee is $200 and processing takes four to six weeks. The length of stay depends on the employer’s transfer arrangement. · Investment Residence Permit For foreigners making qualifying investments of roughly €60,000 to €150,000 in property or productive projects. It is valid for five years and renewable. Processing takes three to four months, and after five years of continuous temporary residence holders may apply for permanent residency. A final point to note is that foreign companies sending staff to Cabo Verde for 183 days or more within any twelve-month period are considered to have a Permanent Establishment and may become liable for corporate tax.
Cameroon	There are different types of work permits: 1. Temporary work permits These are issued to foreigners working in Cameroon for a short period on specific projects or assignments. Applicants must provide a valid employment contract, proof of qualifications and an invitation letter from the local employer. The duration of the permit depends on the nature of the job. 2. Permanent work permits Foreign nationals seeking long term employment or residence require a permanent work permit. These are generally granted to those with specialised skills, strong qualifications or relevant investment in the country. Applications are assessed carefully to ensure they align with Cameroon’s labour and economic priorities. 3. Business visas Business visas allow short visits for meetings, conferences or exploring opportunities. They permit business activities but do not allow the holder to take up employment. Since 2023, obtaining a work permit in Cameroon requires payment of an official administrative fee introduced by the 2023 Finance Law. This fee applies to visas stamped on the employment contracts of all foreign nationals working in Cameroon, unless an international agreement provides otherwise. The fee is set at the equivalent of 2 months of gross salary for non-African workers and 1 month of gross salary for African workers, with a 50% reduction applied. Other key updates include: • Employment contracts must clearly list all premiums, allowances (including transport and accommodation) and any benefits in kind provided to the foreign worker. • When calculating the visa fee, gross salary must include all of these elements. The amount must then be approved by the Director of Labour at MINEFOP and validated by the Minister using a visa cost evaluation form. • Payment is made either to the Intermediary Revenue Agent at MINEFOP, with a receipt issued for amounts up to 4 million CFA francs, or to another account at CAMPOST for amounts above 4 million.
Central African Republic	Workers planning a long stay in the Central African Republic must obtain a long-term visa before travelling and starting work. To get a work visa, foreign nationals must submit: • An invitation letter from the employer in the CAR • Two completed and signed visa forms • A passport valid for at least six months with one blank page • Two identical passport photos • A copy of the flight itinerary • Proof of yellow fever vaccination • A letter from the employer confirming the worker will leave the country at the end of the contract • Payment of the visa fee.
Chad	· Foreign workers require a pre-employment authorisation from the National Office for the Promotion of Employment. · Employers have the responsibility to apply for the foreign employee's visa for the duration of the fixed-term contract. The employer must notify the National Office for the Promotion of Employment within 15 days after the termination of an employment contract with a foreign national. · Work permits are valid for 1 year and are renewable
Comoros	There are two types of work visas: · Short-term (30 days, extendable up to 60) · Long-term (from 6 months to 2-3 years)
Democratic Republic of the Congo	There are two types of work visas: · A short-term work permit It is designed for foreign nationals intending to work for 6-12 months. A short-term work permit is valid for a maximum period of up to 12 months and is non-renewable. · A long-term work permit A long-term work permit is designed for foreign workers intending to work in the Democratic Republic of Congo for between 12 – 24 months.
Republic of the Congo	To work legally in the DRC, foreign employees must obtain five permits and visas within their first year of employment. · Step 1 – VCS (VETS) Valid for 12 months. Apply in the first month. This is the first visa issued to foreign workers and is needed before applying for a Labour Card. Applicants need a valid passport, yellow fever certificate, four passport photos, an employment contract and proof that the employer is registered in the DRC. Entry into the country must be on a valid business visa. · Step 2 – VSR Valid for seven months. Apply straight after receiving the VCS. This multiple entry visa allows the employee to leave and re enter the DRC freely. If they exit without a valid VSR, their VCS becomes void. · Step 3 – Residence Permit Valid for 12 months. Apply within the first six months. All foreign workers must secure a residence permit during their initial months in the country. · Step 4 – Labour Card Valid for up to 24 months. Apply in the first month. Issued once the VCS and VSR are in place, the Labour Card gives the employee formal permission to work in the DRC. · Step 5 – VET Valid for 24 months. Apply between months two and eleven. This two-year work visa is required for assignments longer than 24 months. It can only be requested once the VCS, VSR, residence permit and Labour Card have been obtained and requires additional supporting documents.
Côte d'Ivoire	The work and residence process in Côte d’Ivoire involves several steps. · Step 1 – Initiation The employer begins the case and submits the required information. A document checklist is then issued. · Step 2 – Labour market search The job vacancy must be advertised for one month in a national newspaper and with Agence Emploi Jeunes to show that no suitable local candidate is available. · Step 3 – Employment contract approval Agence Emploi Jeunes reviews and approves the foreign worker’s employment contract. Once approved, the employee is authorised to work. Processing takes one to two weeks. · Step 4 – Entry approval Pre approval from the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance is required before applying for a visa on arrival. This takes about one to two weeks. · Step 5 – Entry to Côte d’Ivoire The applicant and any dependants enter the country and obtain their visa on arrival, which is stamped at the airport. They may begin working immediately. A residence address certificate must also be obtained from the local police station. · Step 6 – Residence certificate A residence certificate is required for the residence permit procedure. · Step 7 – Local police clearance The applicant and any adult dependants must secure a police clearance certificate from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before applying for their residence cards. · Step 8 – Residence permit Applications for the Carte de Résident must be filed with ONI within ten weeks of arrival. Biometric data is taken during the appointment. All non-ECOWAS nationals staying more than three months must obtain this card. · Step 9 – Work permit card Within three months of the hire date, the final work permit application must be submitted to Agence Emploi Jeunes. Once approved, the work permit card can be collected by the employee or an authorised company representative. Processing takes two to three months.
Djibouti	Djibouti offers different categories of work permits depending on the nature and duration of employment: · Short-Term Work Permit – For contracts lasting less than 6 months. · Long-Term Work Permit – For contracts exceeding 6 months to several years. · Investor or Business Visa – For foreign investors setting up businesses in Djibouti.
Egypt	The work permit is granted for a year and may be extended to 5 years. The work permit is valid for 6 months to be renewed another 6 months. The number of work permits that is issued is subject to a quota.
Equatorial Guinea	The work permit system includes several categories: • Initial Work Permit Allows a foreign employee to work for one year. • BR Permit First renewal of the B1 permit, valid for two years. • C Permit Second renewal of the BR permit, valid for three years. • A Permit Temporary work permit for short term employees, valid for six months and renewable. • I Permit Informal sector permit for workers providing services as employees or self employed, who are not authorised to hire staff. Valid for one year and renewable. • PCP Permit For self employed foreigners running a business and permitted to hire workers. Valid for up to three years. • PTA Permit Agricultural work permit for employed or self-employed workers in the farming sector. Valid for three years and renewable. • PP Permit Permanent work permit for foreigners who meet specific long term residency criteria.
Eritrea	Non-nationals hired to work in Eritrea must enter the country on an employment visa. This single-entry visa cannot be renewed and is issued only after the applicant provides proof of an approved job offer and confirmation from the Ministry of Labour and Human Welfare (MLHW) that a work permit will be granted. Those entering on a business visa cannot obtain a work permit. All foreign residents and workers must register with the MLHW during the first month of each year, or as soon as they arrive if they enter later. Registration requires two passport photos, a passport copy and local address details. Failure to register may result in penalties. Work permits are issued by the MLHW. Employers must apply for the permit before the foreign worker arrives, submitting proof of qualifications, work experience and a passport copy. After arrival, the employee must provide the documents required under local law to obtain the physical work permit card. A work permit is required for foreign employees, volunteers and self-employed foreigners operating businesses in Eritrea. Exemptions apply to diplomats, staff of the UN and African Union, and those covered by specific bilateral or multilateral agreements. Work permits are valid for up to two years and renewed annually. Late renewals incur penalties, and after 60 days of non-renewal the permit is revoked and the holder may face sanctions. Anyone entering Eritrea on an employment visa must obtain both a work permit card and a residence permit within three months, or risk being ordered to leave the country.
Eswatini	A foreign national working in Eswatini must obtain a Temporary Residence Permit, which is applied for by the local employer. The employer must submit a covering letter and proof that the job was advertised. The applicant must provide a completed form, passport photos, a police clearance, qualification certificates and a medical certificate.
Ethiopia	A work permit in Ethiopia is issued by the Ethiopian Investment Commission and allows an expatriate to work legally in a specific role for a set period. In investment projects, it enables companies to hire skilled foreign staff when local expertise is lacking. Requirements include: • Authenticated education and work experience documents • An employment contract with the hiring company • A plan explaining how a local employee will eventually replace the expatriate • A valid work or business visa and passport • Board minutes for senior roles such as CEO or General Manager • Evidence of local employees, such as payroll, pension or tax receipts • For roles in health, education or similar sectors, a competence certificate and supporting letter from the relevant authority Work permit renewal for expatriates in Ethiopia ensures continuity in essential technical roles that are still required for an investment project. Renewal depends on performance, progress in training local staff and the ongoing need for the expatriate’s skills. Requirements include: • A valid passport • A valid residence permit • A current employment contract • A progress report on replacing the expatriate with an Ethiopian professional • An annual performance report showing how knowledge is being transferred to local staff
Gabon	Gabon offers several types of work visas, each designed for different employment needs: • Temporary Work Visa For short term jobs of up to 12 months, project work, seasonal roles and consulting assignments. • Long term Work Visa For permanent roles, multi year projects, senior management and specialist technical positions. • Intra company Transfer Visa For staff transferred within multinational companies, including managers, executives and specialist workers. • Self employment Visa For entrepreneurs, business owners, independent contractors and professionals working on their own account. Foreign nationals must hold both a work permit and the correct visa before starting work. Employers must show that no qualified Gabonese candidate is available, usually by advertising the role locally and documenting recruitment efforts. They must also prove they are legally registered, financially compliant and able to sponsor a foreign worker. Employees must meet qualification requirements and provide documents such as a valid passport, certificates, work references, medical and police clearances and a CV. Employers must submit business registration documents, tax certificates, the employment contract and labour market test evidence. Additional requirements may include proof of accommodation, health insurance, travel arrangements and financial means. The full process takes around six to eight weeks: Labour market assessment (2–3 weeks) Job advertising and justification for hiring a foreign worker. Work permit application (3–4 weeks) Review by the Ministry of Labour and approval of the permit. Visa application (1–2 weeks) Submission with the approved work permit, followed by consular checks and biometrics. Arrival and registration (about 1 week) Entry into Gabon, immigration registration, residence permit issuance and social security and tax registration.
Gambia	Foreign workers in Gambia will require: · Resident Permit B This permit is issued to people who plan to live and work in The Gambia. It is available to business owners, expatriates, unskilled workers and other paid professionals. · Non-Gambian ID Card Nationals of Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone and Côte d’Ivoire can obtain this card under bilateral agreements. It allows them to live and work legally in The Gambia after paying the required fees. · Alien Card Non ECOWAS nationals receive an Alien Card together with either Resident Permit A or B. This card confirms their right to stay, or to stay and work, in The Gambia. The fee for the Alien Card is included in the overall cost of the relevant residential permit. Both the Residential Permit and the Alien Identity Card apply to foreign nationals aged 18 and above. Required documents: • Passport • For Resident Permit B, a GRA payroll tax receipt • Previous year’s permit for renewals • Proof of identity and status • Attestation from the applicant’s embassy or high commission
Ghana	A foreign national who has legally entered Ghana and wishes to work and reside in the country must submit a written application for a Work and Residence Permit to the Controller-General of Immigration. Requirements include: Business registration documents: • Certificate of Incorporation • Certificate to Commence Business • Company Code GIPC registration certificate Current tax clearance certificate Previous year’s audited accounts Medical report from the Ghana Immigration Clinic (Accra) Police clearance from home country Marriage certificate (if applicable) Support letter from the relevant ministry, department or agency Passport biodata page CV/Resume Professional and academic certificates Company’s annual report Copy of previous residence permit (if any) Offer/appointment letter or employment contract Non-citizen ID card
Guinea	Guinea uses a three-tier work permit system, introduced by the 2023 Joint Order AC/2023/1222/METTE/MEF/CAB/SGG. Each category aligns with the employee’s role: Permit A – Executives: USD 3,000 per year Permit B – Middle management: USD 2,000 per year Permit C – Regular employees: USD 1,200 per year Work Permit Process AGUIPE Pre-approval The employer must submit the draft employment contract to AGUIPE, along with a justification for hiring a foreign national. Work Permit Application After pre-approval, the employer or employee files the application with AGUIPE. Required documents typically include: Approved employment contract Passport copy and photos CV Academic and professional certificates Medical certificate Police clearance from the home country Proof of fee payment Review and Processing AGUIPE verifies the documents and checks compliance with labour laws. Approval and Issuance Once approved, the work permit (valid for one year) is issued and can be renewed annually. CNSS Registration The employer must register the expatriate with the CNSS for social security contributions. Residency Permit A residency permit may also be required, often processed alongside the work permit.
Guinea-Bissau	These are the requirements for a work permit in Guinea-Bissau: Business Visa (Multiple Entry – 3 or 6 Months) Requirements include: Completed VS order form Visa application form Valid passport Two biometric passport photos Flight and hotel booking confirmation Proof of yellow fever vaccination Invitation letter from the business partner Company letter Fees: Consular fee: from €60 Service fee: from €86 Processing time: from 7 days
Kenya	Foreign workers looking to work in Kenya will need the Permit Class D – Employment (KEP/D) This permit is for individuals offered specific employment in Kenya by a government body, approved agency, or under a UN technical aid scheme. It applies to skilled professionals whose expertise is not available locally and whose work benefits Kenya. Requirements: Completed and signed Form 25 (issuance/renewal) Two signed cover letters from the employer or organisation addressed to the Director of Immigration Services Valid passport copy Two recent passport-size colour photos Current immigration status (if in Kenya) Translation of foreign-language documents into English by an embassy, notary, or authorised institution Copies of previous permits or passes Certified academic and professional certificates CV Details of a Kenyan understudy, including CV, academic/professional certificates, full contract, and contact information Clearance letters from relevant institutions Company/organisation registration certificate Valid Tax Compliance Certificates (organisation for new cases; organisation and individual for renewals) Completed Form 27 (Report on Employment) and checklist Fee: Processing- Kshs. 20,000 non-refundable Issuance- Kshs. 500,000 per year East Africa Community Member States – Gratis
Lesotho	Long-term Work Permit Allows foreign nationals to work legally in Lesotho for up to 2 years Must be obtained before entering the country Validity determined by the Director of Immigration Services Renewable if the local employment contract remains valid Short-term Assignment Authorisation For temporary business, trade, professional, or emergency work Typically valid for up to 90 days, may be extended in-country Permission required from the Labour Commissioner Processing can take up to 10 days
Liberia	In Liberia, all foreign nationals must have a work permit to be employed. The Ministry of Labour issues the permit, and the application must be submitted by the sponsoring employer on behalf of the employee. These are the requirements for all classes of work permits. ·Approved landing visa Copy of the advertisement for the job / position Applicant's CV or resumé Copy of applicant’s passport Two passport-size photos. Application letter from the company mentioning the applicant’s full name, resident permit number, passport number and position to be held Copy of the company’s business registration certificate Application fee
Libya	Residence Visa – Libya Allows foreigners to live and work, or reside without employment, for up to five years (not exceeding the travel document’s validity) Extensions possible for certain categories All long-term residents must register their passport and residence with the nearest authority within seven days of arrival Visa fees are fixed and clearly defined
Madagascar	A Madagascar work visa allows foreigners to live and work legally in Madagascar. It is required for anyone taking up employment or starting a business in the country. Who is Eligible Foreign employees: Those with a job offer from a Malagasy company can have their visa application sponsored by their employer. Entrepreneurs: Investors planning to establish a business in Madagascar may also qualify, subject to specific investment requirements. Required Documents Approved employment contract from the Ministry of Public Service, Labour Administration Reform, and Social Laws (MFPTLS) Work permit from MFPTLS Company registration certificate and tax records (TIN) Valid passport (minimum one-year validity) and recent photos Completed visa application form Criminal record certificate Required vaccinations Letter of intent and payment of visa fees Work Permit A Madagascar work permit is mandatory before applying for a work visa. It confirms the employee is legally allowed to work in Madagascar. Application Process Secure a job or business investment with a local employer or register a company. Collect required documents early to avoid delays. Attend a visa interview at the Malagasy embassy in your country. Apply for a residency permit upon arrival to extend your stay beyond the visa’s initial validity. Validity and Renewal Non-immigrant visas: Temporary stays up to 90 days (single or multiple entry). Transformable visas: Short-term (30 days) but allow conversion to a long-term visa after arrival. Renewal is required to continue working in Madagascar and should be applied for before the visa expires. Cost Fees vary depending on visa type, duration, and processing. Check with the Madagascar Immigration office for the latest rates.
Malawi	A Temporary Employment Permit (T.E.P.) is required for foreigners before entering Malawi to take up specific employment. Validity: 2 years Renewal: Up to two times; renewal applications must be submitted three months before expiry. Requirement: New applicants must remain outside Malawi until approval. Fees (Government Notice No. 18 & 19, 8 July 2011): Issuance / Renewal: NGOs: K120,000 Religious organisations: K120,000 Clergy (reverends, pastors, priests): K30,000 All other cases: K120,000 Non-refundable application fee: K10,000 Extension (per year or part thereof): Same rates as above
Mali	Mali Visa Requirements Application Form: Must be fully and accurately completed. Personal details (names and surname) must match the passport exactly. Errors or omissions may delay processing. Passport: Valid for at least 3 months after departure from Mali, with a minimum of 2 consecutive blank pages in the visa section. Invitation / Employer Letter: Visit visa: Invitation letter from a Malian contact or hotel reservation. Business visa: Business letter from the Malian partner company and/or employment letter from the local company. Authenticity may be verified by the Embassy. Proof of Funds: Required if invitation or business letter does not cover expenses. Provide three months’ bank statements. Ticket Reservation: Round-trip airline ticket showing entry and exit points and dates. Photographs: Two recent passport-sized colour photos. Vaccination Certificate: Original yellow fever vaccination certificate.
Mauritania	Mauritania Work Visa and Residence Permits Work Visa: Required for foreign nationals intending to work in Mauritania. Usually linked to a government-issued work permit and valid for the length of the employment contract (typically 1–2 years). Work Permit: Needed to legally work in Mauritania. Requires a job offer from a Mauritanian employer. Employer may need to show no qualified Mauritanian can fill the role. Valid for the duration of the employment contract. Residence Permits: Temporary Residence Permit: For employment, family reunification, or education; usually valid 1–2 years and renewable. Permanent Residence Permit: Available after 5–10 years of continuous residence; allows unrestricted living and working in Mauritania. Highly Skilled Workers: Priority may be given to specialists in healthcare, education, engineering, IT, and other critical fields. Quota System: Limited work permits may be available for foreign nationals, particularly for unskilled labour; quotas depend on sector and labour market needs.
Mauritius	Foreign nationals may invest, work, live, or retire in Mauritius through several permit types: Occupation Permit (OP): Combined work and residence permit allowing employment and residence under three categories: Investor Professional Self-Employed Retired Non-Citizen Residence Permit (RP): For foreign nationals over 50 who wish to retire in Mauritius. Validity of Permits: OP (Investor and Self-Employed) and Retired Residence Permits: Up to 10 years, renewable. OP (Professional): Up to 3 years or the duration of the employment contract, renewable. Dependents: Dependents of OP or RP holders may apply for residence permits valid for the same period as the main holder. Young Professional Occupation Permit (YPOP): For foreign students who have completed at least an undergraduate degree in Mauritius. Valid for up to 3 years, depending on the employment contract. Application submitted by the employer to the Economic Development Board (EDB).
Morocco	In Morocco, a work visa involves three main steps that allow a foreign national to work and live in the country: Step 1: Get Work Authorisation (Employer) The employer prepares the official employment contract (CTE). If needed, the employer confirms that no local candidate is available for the job. The contract is submitted to the Ministry of Labour for approval. Once approved, the CTE is stamped, giving official work authorisation. Step 2: Apply for Work Visa (Applicant) Collect required documents: passport, visa form, passport photos, stamped CTE, police clearance, medical certificate (if needed), and proof of residence or employer letter. Submit the application at the Moroccan embassy or consulate. If approved, the work visa allows entry to Morocco to start employment. Step 3: Apply for Residence Permit (Applicant) Prepare documents: passport, stamped CTE, employer letter, proof of address, photos, and required forms. Submit the file to the local police or Prefecture of Police in Morocco. The residence permit is usually valid for 1 year and can be renewed while employed. Key Points You cannot work on a Morocco eVisa. The eVisa cannot be changed into a work visa or residence permit. Working without authorisation can lead to fines, deportation, or penalties for the employer.
Mozambique	A Mozambique work visa allows a foreign national to enter the country to work for an employer, with or without pay. Requirements: Passport: Valid for at least 6 months. Completed application form: “Request for Entry to Mozambique,” filled in English, Portuguese, or French, in capital letters, signed by the applicant. Recent passport-sized photo. Proof of accommodation and financial means. Medical certificate: Valid for at least 3 months. Criminal record certificate: From country of origin or residence, valid for at least 3 months. Work contract. Work permit issued by the Ministry of Labor in Mozambique. Letter from the contracting company in Mozambique. Company registration and business license. Notes: All documents in English must be translated into Portuguese by a sworn translator. Visa Fees (RWF): Single Entry, Valid up to 1 month Application form: 1,000 Standard visa fee: 183,500 Urgent processing: 245,000
Namibia	A Namibia Temporary Work or Study Permit allows foreign nationals to work or study in Namibia. Requirements: Completed and signed application form (3-1/0001). Employer Representation form (3-1/0002). Medical Certificate (3-1/0003). Radiological Report (3-1/0004). Two passport-sized photos of the applicant and accompanying spouse. Highest educational qualifications or certificates. Previous work references or service certificates. Police clearance certificate (for applicants 18+). Marriage certificate (if married to a Namibian). Job advertisement (if position was advertised). Letter from Namibian employer. Letter from current employer. Valid passport copy. Deed of Surety application form (3-1/0005). Notes: All documents must be translated into English by an official translator. Incomplete submissions may delay processing. All permits require approval from the Ministry of Home Affairs, even if approved by other ministries. Processing time: Usually 2–4 months, depending on completeness of documents. Validity: Typically 1–3 years. The permit may be extended under the Immigration Act. Family: Spouses and children may be included on the permit to enter and stay in Namibia. Guarantee Payment: Permit holders may need to make a guarantee payment to ensure compliance with permit conditions.
Niger	Visa Requirement for Niger Foreign nationals outside UEMOA need a visa to enter Niger Tourist or work visas are valid for 3 months Residence Permit Can be applied for at the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (DST) in Niamey Valid for 1 year and renewable up to 3 times Health Requirement Yellow fever vaccination certificate required upon entry Niger Business Visa Allows stay in Niger for professional purposes Types of visa: Single-entry: stay up to 90 days, valid 90 days from issue Multiple-entry: stay up to 90 days, valid 90 days from issue Multiple-entry (extended): stay up to 90 days, valid 6 months from issue Required Documents Two copies of the official Niger Embassy form Two identical passport photos (4.5 x 3.5 cm), stapled to forms Valid passport with two blank facing pages Two copies of passport information/photo page Copy of round-trip airline ticket Company letter confirming purpose of stay, accommodation, and expenses Copy of international vaccination record (yellow fever vaccine) Complete all sections of the Niger visa form carefully
Nigeria	Temporary work permit (six months – R11) Purpose This permit allows foreign experts to provide short-term specialised services for companies. Eligibility For experts carrying out tasks such as: Installing, commissioning, upgrading, maintaining or repairing equipment and machinery Training Nigerian staff Auditing machinery, equipment or financial records Prior approval from the Comptroller General of Immigration is required. Requirements Visa authority letter from Immigration (pre-approval) Passport valid for at least six months Return or onward ticket Application process Host company applies for approval from the Comptroller General of Immigration Receive pre-approval Apply online via the relevant embassy Submit visa application with required documents and pay fees Receive visa Validity and restrictions Valid for 90 days from issuance Multiple entry permitted for the six-month project period Cannot be extended Only for specialised or project-based work Family or group applications are not allowed
Rwanda	Rwanda offers visas on arrival to nationals of all countries. Citizens of the African Union, Commonwealth and Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie receive a 30-day visa free of charge. East African Community (EAC) nationals are issued a free six-month entry pass, and citizens of Uganda and Kenya may enter using their national identity cards. Foreigners driving into Rwanda must present: • Vehicle logbook • Authorisation letter from the owner (if applicable) • Copy of passport or national ID (for East Africans) • COMESA insurance • Valid driving licence Work and Resident Permits Work and resident permits are issued according to the type of activity. Employees working for a Rwandan employer must apply for a Class H permit. Business owners apply for Class G permits. • Permit G1: For business owners from EAC or CEPGL countries (free). • Permit G2: For business owners from other countries (fee-paying). Main requirements for Permit G include: • Valid travel document (minimum six-month validity) • Passport photo (white background) • Visa/permit application form • Application letter to the Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration • Company Registration Certificate • Criminal Record Certificate from the country of residence (covering the last six months) • Detailed CV • Application fees (for G2 applicants) Permit validity: • Valid for two years • Renewable Dependent Pass (M2) Dependants of temporary resident permit holders may apply for a Dependent Pass. Requirements: • Passport valid for at least six months • Application letter • Visa/permit application form • Passport photo (white background) • Marriage certificate (for a spouse) • Birth certificate (for children) • Criminal Record Certificate for applicants over 18 • Copy of the principal applicant’s work permit Validity: • Same duration as the principal permit • Renewable upon application
Sao Tome and Principe	Business Visa For short commercial visits such as meetings, negotiations, or brief work without taking local employment. Valid up to 30 days; single or multiple entry Key Requirements Passport (PDF scan), valid 3+ months beyond stay Return ticket Hotel booking or host contact details Proof of entry permission for any transit country Yellow fever certificate (mandatory) Visa fee paid on arrival: usually USD 50–100, depending on nationality Application Procedure Apply online via the eVisaST platform Upload one PDF file (max 2 MB) with all required documents Submit and save the reference number for tracking No edits allowed after submission Track application under “Entry Authorisation” on the SMF website using the reference number Processing time: 3–7 days Approved eVisa sent by email
Senegal	Work Permit Allows legal employment in Senegal Valid for up to 2 years Renewable if employment contract with the same company continues Issued by the Directorate of Labour Must also obtain a Residence Permit Business Visa For business activities: meetings, conferences, training, networking Valid for up to 90 days Single or multiple entry, depending on nationality
Seychelles	GOP (Government of Seychelles Permit) Must be submitted by the employer at least 10 weeks before employment starts The employee cannot enter Seychelles to work before the GOP is issued Self-employed applicants may apply after arrival if approved by the Seychelles Investment Bureau Documents Required Proof of Seychelles Investment Bureau approval for business start-up (if applicable) Payment of GOP application and processing fees Factors Considered for Approval Technical/professional qualifications Reputation, health, and character of applicant Availability of local workforce for required services Protection of local interests Social and economic benefits to Seychelles Requirements After GOP Issuance (within 1 month of entry) Bank guarantee or security bond from a Seychelles bank (amount varies by nationality) Optional group security bond or bank guarantee with written approval Attested employment contract from the Employment Department International Trade Zone (ITZ) Work Permit Required for non-Seychellois working in the ITZ Applied for by the ITZ operator through Seychelles immigration Spouse and children may be endorsed on the ITZ work permit
Sierra Leone	Applying for a Work Permit in Sierra Leone Responsible Authority Ministry of Labour and Social Security Cost Application form: Le100,000 Required Documents Completed application form, stamped by employer or employment agency Signed contract of employment Job description Curriculum Vitae of the worker Two recent passport-size photos Certificate from relevant professional body (if applicable) Academic/professional certificates Photocopy of passport Previous work permit (for renewal) Business license Tax Clearance and Tax Identification Number Memorandum and Articles of Association Succession plan (if applicable) Salary range Updated NASSIT contribution statements National Identification Number Copy of employer’s business registration certificates Copy of resident permit Copy of passport bio page Other information as required by the Work Permit Committee Additional Notes The Minister declares via Gazette the types of trades, occupations, or businesses non-citizens may engage in Validity: 1 year from issue; renewable annually Provisional permit: Up to 3 months while application is in progress
Somalia	Work Permit in Somalia Allows foreign nationals to legally work in Somalia for a set period Ensures workers have proper authorisation and helps regulate the labour market Responsible Institution Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Documents Needed Valid passport Passport-size photo Entry visa Curriculum Vitae (CV) Academic qualifications Medical report Proof of payment Application Steps Employer must request a work permit for the foreign employee before they begin working Fees 12 months: $780 6 months: $490 3 months: $320 Payable via mobile money transfer to the bank account shown at the regional centre Method of Applying In person
South Africa	Work permits and temporary work visas in South Africa are issued by the Department of Home Affairs. Applications must be submitted and finalised at South African embassies or consulates abroad. You should only make travel plans once the visa has been approved. The main types of work visas are: • General Work Visa Issued when an employer can show that no suitably qualified South African citizen or permanent resident is available for the role. • Critical Skills Visa Granted to applicants whose occupation appears on the Critical Skills List published by the Minister of Home Affairs in the Government Gazette. Proof of qualifications is required. • Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa For employees transferred from a foreign branch of a multinational company to its branch, subsidiary or affiliate in South Africa.
South Sudan	A work permit is a legal document that allows a foreigner to legally streamline his or her employment/work status in the Republic of South Sudan. It is issued by the National Ministry of Labor (Department of Alien Employment). Procedures for processing a work permit are as follow:- Alien should apply to the ministry for issuance of work permit An application form is issued for the alien to fill (cost of application) form is $ 100. The applicant should be in possession of a valid passport and not expire during the year of application. The application contains particulars pertaining to the alien and should be filled completely It is also required that while submitting the field application for the following requirement must be attached depending on the category of occupation of the Alien :- Institution /Business Letter head application Two passport size Photos ( With White Background ) Valid passport copy Entry Visa Smart Card color copy (Renewals) Curriculum vitae Academic Certificates Certificate of Incorporation /Registration Certificate Institution/Business Tax Identification Certificate Trade License and Operation License Memorandum of understanding ( First and Last Page) Contract Document CID Clearance Certificate Interpol Certificate NGO Operation License RRC Clearance /Recommendation Letter USAID Document Oil and gas service companies registration Approval From the Ministry of Health Bank operation License Security Operation Permit Religious Certificate This is then reviewed and checked by inspectors and the data provided is entered into the system for processing Once processing, a payment voucher is produced for the alien to pay the required work permit fee to the prescribed bank account for non-oil revenue One payment is done, the bank issues receipt therefor which serves as proof for payment On presentation of the bank receipt, the inspectors make the final verification and a work permit smart card is issued to the alien with a validity of one year from the date of issuance.
Sudan	Requirements Filled out and signed application Forms (application and finger print). passport must be valid for at least 6 months Two passport-sized photos are attached with the application form. A letter from the sponsoring company indicating the type of work the applicant will be carrying out, the duration of stay, statement of financial responsibility, and references in Sudan. Applicants holding non-Swedish passports must submit a copy of a valid residence permit in country of origin. Applicants looking to perform humanitarian work in Sudan must present the corresponding certificate from the Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC) in Sudan. This may be obtained from the sending organisation’s office. copy of the travel ticket. Copy of the payment for the fees
Tanzania	Accessing the Online Work/Residence Permit System Applicants must visit either: The Prime Minister’s Office (Labour) website, or The Immigration Department website and click the link to begin the online application. Application Process Register on the Online Work/Residence Permit Application System using an existing email address or by creating a new one. Create an account by entering your personal details and the details of the employing company or institution. Set a password to use for logging in and tracking your applications. Submit the registration form to create your account. Log in to the system and complete the online Work/Residence Permit application form. Submit the completed form electronically. Required Documents Before completing the application form, applicants must scan certified copies of all required documents. Requirements vary by permit class. Documents required for all permit classes: Justification letter One recent passport-size photograph (blue background) Copy of a valid passport (at least six months’ validity remaining) Sectoral approvals/permits/registrations (e.g., TMDA, TBS, ERB, NBAA, TCAA, CRB, LATRA, TASAC, Ministry of Education, Mining Commission, etc.) Original Work Permit (for renewals or class changes) Industrial/Business/Operating Licence Proof of registration with NSSF and WCF Tax Identification Number (TIN) Certificate VAT Certificate Current Tax Clearance Certificate Certificate of Incorporation / Certificate of Compliance / registration documents for companies, NGOs, religious institutions, schools, universities, etc. Memorandum and Articles of Association / Organisation Constitution Additional documents for specific permit classes: Class A: Proof of current shares from BRELA Online Search or Register Extract Proof of transfer or sale of shares (if applicable), including relevant Tax Clearance Certificate Lease Agreement, Certificate of Occupancy, or Title Deed TIC/EPZA Certificate (if applicable) Classes B, C, D, and E: Scanned academic/professional certificates Translated documents plus the original certificates Detailed CV/Resume Employment or engagement contract Detailed job description Class D: Certificate of Charitable Organisation or similar document Class B, C, and E: Recommendation letter from the relevant Government Authority for organisations executing Government projects/programmes For all applications (as applicable): Introduction letter authorising a company representative to submit and follow up on the application, plus a copy of their work ID.
Togo	Togo Work Visa Overview The Togo Work Visa (or work permit visa) is for foreign nationals who have secured a job in Togo. Applicants usually obtain a long-stay visa before travelling, which is then converted into a work permit after arrival. Akbar Travels offers assistance with the online application, travel arrangements, and recommended accommodation. Applicants must prepare both personal documents and documents supplied by the employer. Applicant’s documents: • Valid passport with at least six months’ remaining validity • Completed visa application form • Two photographs (35 × 45 mm, white background) • Employment contract or job offer from a Togolese employer • Curriculum vitae and evidence of professional qualifications • Police clearance certificate and recent medical certificate (including yellow fever vaccination) • Proof of financial means and travel/health insurance Employer’s documents: • Proof of company registration and tax clearance • Job vacancy declaration Notes for Indian applicants: • Ensure all required documents for Indian citizens are complete and properly certified, including educational qualifications • Prepare for local travel needs, such as booking bus tickets or purchasing an international SIM card upon arrival Togo Work Visa Fees • Visa fees for Indian applicants usually range from approximately CFA 60,000 to 100,000 (about US$100–170), with additional costs for the work permit • Extra fees apply for visa renewal or an extended stay • Budget for travel to the relevant embassy or visa centre (for example, flights from Ahmedabad to New Delhi or from Mumbai to Ayodhya) • Once in Togo, you may also need to arrange local transport such as car hire Togo Visa Photo Specifications • Photo size must be 35 × 45 mm • Plain white background • Neutral expression, full face visible, no head coverings unless for religious reasons • High-quality prints with no shadows or glare
Tunisia	Tunisia Work Permit Process Step 1: Initiation • The client begins the process with FGI. • FGI reviews the case, determines the correct work permit category, and provides a document checklist. • The client submits all required documents to FGI. Step 2: Local Recruitment • Evidence must be provided to show that attempts were made to hire a qualified Tunisian national but were unsuccessful. Step 3: Work Permit Application • FGI submits the work permit application to the Ministry of Social Affairs. Step 4: Work Visa Application • Once the work permit approval letter is issued, the applicant submits a long-stay visa application at the Tunisian Embassy in their country of residence. Step 5: Entry to Tunisia • After the visa is approved, the applicant may enter Tunisia. Step 6: Residence Permit Application • Upon arrival, the applicant must report to the local police station in their area of residence to apply for a residence permit. • Once the residence permit is issued, the foreign national is permitted to work.
Uganda	A work permit allows the applicant to live and work in Uganda. This permit is always sponsored by an organisation or company which must have an organisation code.
Zambia	Uganda Work Permit Classes Class A • For diplomatic passport holders. Class A Official • For holders of official passports and staff of organisations exempt from immigration fees. Class A2 • For individuals employed by a Ugandan government institution and paid by the Government of Uganda. Class B1 • For shareholders of companies involved in agriculture. Class B2 • For shareholders of companies involved in agro-processing. Class C1 • For shareholders of companies engaged in mineral prospecting or mining of general minerals. Class C2 • For shareholders of companies prospecting or mining specific minerals such as gold, copper, iron ore, silica, phosphate, limestone, and marble. Class D • For shareholders of companies involved in general trade. Class E • For shareholders of companies involved in manufacturing. Class F • For shareholders of companies in specific professions, including medical practitioners, dentists, lawyers, pharmacists, engineers (civil, mechanical, electrical, mining, aeronautical, chemical), accountants, architects, surveyors, veterinary surgeons, estate agents, valuers, land surveyors, land agents, nurses and midwives. Class G1 • For missionaries and volunteers working with NGOs. Class G2 • For foreign expatriate employees in Uganda, including salaried staff working for NGOs. Class G3 • For expatriates with rare skills employed in agro-processing, manufacturing, or mining selected minerals. Class H • For ordinary residents who have assured income from abroad and undertake not to accept employment in Uganda. Work Permit Fees for East African Nationals and Refugees • Nationals of Kenya and Rwanda are exempt from immigration fees but must still apply for a work permit. • Nationals of Tanzania pay revised work permit fees of USD 1,500 per year.
Zimbabwe	Temporary Employment Permit Requirements • Completed residence permit application form (I.F.5) • Completed Temporary Employment Permit application form • Application letter addressed to the Chief Director of Immigration (CDI) • Certified copy of passport biodata page • Two passport-sized photographs, certified as a true likeness • Curriculum Vitae • Employment contract • Notarised academic and professional certificates • Non-refundable fee of US$500, plus US$300 per dependent • Radiological (medical) certificate • Job advertisement published in a local newspaper • CVs of shortlisted candidates, including their contact details • CV and qualifications of the person appointed to understudy the expatriate • Police clearance from the country of origin or last place of permanent residence (issued within the last six months) • Company documents: Certificate of Incorporation, Entity Summary Document, ZIDA Licence, ZIMRA tax clearance Temporary Employment Permit Extension • Application letter to the CDI requesting an extension • Copy of the current permit • CV and qualifications of the understudy • Non-refundable fee of US$500, plus US$300 per dependent • Company documents: Certificate of Incorporation, Entity Summary Document, ZIDA Licence, ZIMRA tax clearance Take Note – Additional Requirements • All documents must be translated into English where necessary, and original copies must be provided • Professional applicants must obtain clearance from the relevant authorities • NGO applicants must submit a Private Voluntary Organisations Certificate from the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare • Government-supported or nationally recognised projects must provide a support letter from the relevant ministry • EMA certificate required for projects that need environmental clearance • Physical address of the applicant’s workplace must be provided • Projects remitting minerals must submit proof of remittance If the expatriate is accompanied by dependants, the following must be submitted: • Marriage certificate (if applicable) • Birth certificates for all children • Police clearance for dependants aged 18 and above • Passport biodata pages • Two passport-sized photographs per dependent All documents must be properly authenticated. Documents from outside Zimbabwe must be notarised, and those issued in Zimbabwe must be certified by a Commissioner of Oaths.

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